在缺水的地中海農業生態系統中可持續生產大麥
水資源稀缺是干旱和半干旱地區農業活動的主要制約因素之一。盡管近幾十年來取得了巨大的技術發展,但農民仍需要適應其培訓、管理限制和經濟能力的方法和工具。為了應對這些挑戰,地中海農業生態系統(SUPROMED)項目在水資源有限的環境中的可持續生產在一個在線平臺上結合了一套模型和方法,以更有效地管理水、能源和肥料。在卡斯蒂利亞-拉曼恰地區(西班牙)進行了一項為期兩年的試驗(2020-2021年),以證明 SUPROMED 作為一種農場管理支持工具對于大麥作物的有效性。通過分析一組生產、經濟和環境因素,確定將農田灌溉用水經濟優化模型(MOPECO 模型)灌溉調度以及集成在 SUPROMED 平臺中的其他方法和工具傳遞給農民的影響。關鍵績效指標(KPI)。選擇KPI是為了向農民展示有效利用生產要素如何提高農場的盈利能力,從而減少農業對環境的影響。2020年,SUPROMED提出的管理計劃實現了與傳統管理相同的產量,用水量減少了32%,達到了13%和66%。毛利率和總經濟灌溉用水生產率分別提高。2021年,一名受過使用 SUPROMED 平臺工具和方法培訓的農民實施的管理顯示,所分析的大多數KPI都有所改善,取得了與SUPROMED在2020年獲得的結果相似的結果。結果很有希望,表明SUPROMED 中提出的工具和模型可以很容易地被農民使用,并且可以提高地中海農業生態系統的經濟和環境可持續性。生產部門有效推廣和使用這些方法需要公共行政部門以及當地研究人員和技術人員的參與。
“MOPECO灌溉調度”工具模擬的2020年可用水演變
Sustainable Production of Barley in a Water-Scarce Mediterranean Agroecosystem
Abstract
Scarcity of water resources is one of the main constraints on agricultural activity in arid and semi-arid areas. Despite the great technological development over recent decades, farmers are demanding methodologies and tools adapted to their training, management restrictions, and economic capacity. To tackle these challenges, the sustainable production in water-limited environments of Mediterranean agroecosystems (SUPROMED) project combines, in an online platform, a set of models and methodologies for more efficient management of water, energy, and fertilizers. A two-year trial (2020–2021) was conducted in the Castilla-La Mancha region (Spain) to demonstrate, for a barley crop, the effectiveness of SUPROMED as a farm management support tool. The impact of transferring the model for the economic optimization of irrigation water use at farm level (MOPECO model) irrigation scheduling among other methods and tools, integrated in the SUPROMED platform, to farmers was determined by analyzing a set of productive, economic, and environmental key performance indicators (KPIs). The KPIs were selected to show farmers how the efficient use of productive factors could improve the profitability of their farms, thus reducing the impact of agriculture on the environment. In 2020, the management plan proposed by SUPROMED achieved the same yield as traditional management using 32% less water and resulting in a 13% and 66% improvement in gross margin and gross economic irrigation water productivity, respectively. In 2021, the management implemented by a farmer trained in the use of the tools and methodologies in the SUPROMED platform showed improvements in most of the KPIs analyzed, achieving similar results to those obtained by SUPROMED during 2020. The results are promising, indicating that the tools and models proposed in SUPROMED can be easily used by farmers and can improve the economic and environmental sustainability of Mediterranean agroecosystems. The involvement of public administrations, together with local researchers and technicians, is required for the effective promotion and use of these methodologies by the productive sector.
Pessl植物生理生態監測系統的全套監測系統和在線平臺FieldClimate適用于所有氣候區,可用于各種行業和各種用途——從農業到研究、水文、氣象、洪水警報等。iMetos植物生理生態監測系統已經成為一個全球品牌,使用持續時間更長,性能更好,是通用的天氣監測設備,具有早期識別和警報功能(有SMS手機提醒功能);可以用來計劃、控制和管理復雜的獨立氣象過程。該監測系統專為不同氣候區域的多種任務而設計。其可以安裝多達600個傳感器,如土壤和空氣濕度、溫度、降雨、風速、風向、葉片 濕度、總體輻射等傳感器。
Pessl植物生理生態監測系統的數據采集工作站可以將這些數據無線傳輸到安全的互聯網數據庫上。該數據庫是優秀的數據存儲和處理平臺。用戶獲得登錄密碼后,可以從世界任何地方的互聯網終端登錄并獲得這些數據、報告和圖表。測量的信息來源于傳感器所在的位置。使用者可以從網站上一個區域可輸入或修改閾值和電話號碼。操作無需專門軟件。
Pessl植物生理生態監測系統僅需要有效的GPRS協議用于數據傳輸,在站點所在處也需要網絡的充分覆蓋。該系統是一組多功能、模塊化配置的系統,運行完全免維護。該工作站采用太陽能充電電池。工作站可以連接多種傳感器。即插即用模式便于工作站擴展傳感器數目。
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